Lexical Borrowing
Words imported from another language can bypass the regular historical sound changes followed by locally inherited vocabulary.
Episodes that teach this
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Proto-Indo-European: The Mother of All Languages | Future IQ
· explained at 12:27
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When a word evolves locally, then it follows the rules. When you just pick up a word from somewhere else, then it will just sound different.
Examples & generalisations
Concrete examples: paternal imported from Latin into Englishcomputer borrowed from English into Hindi