Aspiration

mechanism

Aspiration is a separate switch in consonant production: keep the mouth position and voicing constant, and an added burst of air can produce a different sound.

Two consonants can use the same mouth configuration and still sound different because one releases an audible h-like push of air and the other does not.

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The airflow switch

A consonant has several independently adjustable parts. Place of Articulation describes where the airflow is obstructed, while Voicing tracks whether the vocal cords vibrate. Aspiration adds another variable: what happens to the air at release. An aspirated consonant sends out an extra puff; its unaspirated partner withholds that push. This turns sounds that may seem like wholly different units into combinations of a few physical controls.

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Not every contrast is a puff of air

Aspiration explains only contrasts where the relevant change is the added or removed air release. If the tongue shifts position, the obstruction changes, or vocal-cord vibration switches, another articulatory dimension is doing the work.

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Test the release

Say the two consonants while holding your palm just in front of your mouth. Compare the burst of air before changing anything else; this isolates aspiration from mouth position and voicing.

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Episodes that teach this